What is a small bowel enema?
The small bowel enema is a test used, in conjunction with x-ray, to illustrate the middle portion of your gastrointestinal tract that extends from the stomach to the region of the appendix. This region is shown in orange in the diagram. As the small bowel is a soft tissue structure, it is not usually seen on a plain x-ray. By using barium to coat the inner lining of this area, the radiologist can see the bowel clearly on the x-ray screen, and can watch the way it functions during this examination.

Why is it performed?
Your doctor may have suggested this test for several reasons, eg, irregularity of bowel motions, poor absorption of nutrients and /or lower abdominal pain.

			Pre Examination
	Please phone us for an appointment. It is important that the small bowel is empty before we start this test. For this reason you will be asked not to eat or drink for six hours before the examination. The test usually takes between 30 and 45 minutes. You will be asked to undress to your underclothes, and a gown like a big T-shirt will be given to you to wear. Female patients - please let us know prior to this test if you are, or think you may be pregnant.

			The Examination
	A radiologist and a radiographer will perform the examination. They will explain the procedure, but don't hesitate to ask them if you do not understand any part of it. A fine lubricated plastic tube will be inserted into your nostril or mouth by the radiologist. This can sometimes be a little uncomfortable, but a combination of anaesthetic jelly and spray minimises the discomfort. If this is too uncomfortable, please tell the doctor. Once the tip of the tube has passed down your throat (swallowing as it goes down minimises the discomfort), the doctor will watch a TV monitor to direct the tube into the duodenum (just below your stomach). The doctor may introduce Maxolon (a drug that promotes stomach movements, or peristalsis) into the plastic tube. The barium then goes down the tube into the small bowel. The doctor will take a series of x-ray images of the small bowel as the barium passes through. He or she will ask you to hold your breath for each picture. Barium is a chalky substance that can be suspended in water and is visible on x-rays. It is very safe, but you should be aware that it may cause mild constipation. Drinking water and eating a fibre-rich diet for a few days after the procedure may assist if this occurs.

			Post Examination
	After the radiologist has seen your x-rays and the test is completed, you can eat or drink normally. You will notice the barium in your bowel motions for the next few days.Your films will be sent to you or your doctor, with a copy of the radiologist's interpretation of the study.